Although scientific articles have changed some – for example, Isaac Newton wrote about the fun he had with prisms in a 1672 scientific article – the basics remain the same. This ensures that published research becomes part of the archive of scientific knowledge upon which other scientists can build. Strange as it seems, the most efficient way to tackle a new article may be through a piecemeal approach, reading some but not all the sections and not necessarily in their order of appearance. For example, the abstract of an article will summarize its key points, but this section can often be dense and difficult to understand.
Richard Secord, retired Air Force major general involved in Iran-contra affair, dies
Staff journalists who led some of the newspaper’s best-known coverage teams have later published books that summarized and extended their reporting. OpinionJournal.com was a website featuring content from the aurora bookkeeping editorial pages of The Wall Street Journal. It existed separately from the news content at wsj.com until January 2008, when it was merged into the main website.111The editorials (titled “Review & Outlook”) reflected The Journal’s conservative political editorial line, as did its regular columnists, who included Peggy Noonan, John Fund, and Daniel Henninger. The tone and specialized vocabulary of the modern scientific article can make it hard to read, but understanding the purpose and requirements for each section can help you decipher the primary literature. Learning to read scientific articles is a skill, and like any other skill, it requires practice and experience to master. Primarily, the reports revealed that, based on internally-commissioned studies, the company was fully aware of negative impacts on teenage users of Instagram, and the contribution of Facebook activity to violence in developing countries.
- For more information about this story see The Case of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker module.
- In addition, they present their analysis of the data and describe some of the interpretations and implications of their work.
- Scientists submit manuscripts for publication in these journals when they feel their work deserves the broadest possible audience.
Editorial board
Other takeaways of the leak include the impact of the company’s platforms on spreading false information, and Facebook’s policy of promoting inflammatory posts.Furthermore, Facebook was fully aware that harmful content was being pushed through Facebook algorithms reaching young users. The Journal subsequently conducted a worldwide investigation of the causes and significance of 9/11, using contacts it had developed while covering business in the Arab world. In Kabul, Afghanistan, reporters Alan Cullison and Andrew Higgins bought a pair of looted computers that Al Qaeda leaders had used to plan assassinations, chemical and biological attacks, and mundane daily activities. The encrypted files were decrypted and translated.187188 It was during this coverage that terrorists kidnapped and killed Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
Hong Kong Journalists Association
In many cases, authors present a model that fits their data in this last section of the article. The discussion section may emphasize some themes or ideas that tie the story together, giving the reader some foundation for reading the article from the beginning. Even experienced scientists read articles this way – skimming the figures first, perhaps, or reading the discussion and then going back to the results. Often, it takes a scientist multiple readings to truly understand the authors’ work and incorporate it into their personal knowledge base in order to build on that knowledge.
It brought him into the Air Force’s covert operations, where he flew 285 bombing missions in Vietnam starting in 1961 as part of Operation Farm Gate. In 1967 he led air operations and played a key role in the Ban Naden Raid, a successful attack on a prisoner-of-war camp leading to the rescue of mostly Laotian allies of South Vietnam and the United States. Secord estimated that between 40 and 50 people were rescued, while some sources put the number even higher. Journalists and reporters with The Journal include Aoife Barry, Christine Bohan, Daragh Brophy, Orla Ryan, Emer Moreau, Carl Kinsella and Christina Finn. Writers who previously worked for TheJournal.ie include Gavan Reilly, Emer McLysaght, and Nick Leeson.
In contrast, articles or news stories that review or report on scientific research already published elsewhere are referred to as secondary. The process of science does not stop with the publication of the results of research in a scientific article. Scientific journals also provide a means for other scientists to respond to the work they publish; like many newspapers and magazines, most scientific journals publish letters from their readers.
These journals tend to publish broad-based research focused on specific disciplines, such as chemistry, geology, neurology, nuclear physics, etc. In addition to these regular opinion pieces, on Fridays the Journal publishes a religion-themed op-ed, titled “Houses of Worship”, written by a different author each week. Articles published open access are peer-reviewed and made freely available for everyone to read, download and reuse in line with the user license displayed on the article. He served as an adviser to air-ground operations of the Shah’s air force, consisting of T-6 aircraft that had been used to train pilots in World War II some 20 years earlier. Secord said the planes were reconfigured to add ordnance stations to battle communist-backed Kurds in the northern quadrant of Iran.
Contents
However, to understand how science is disseminated through these journals, you must first understand how the articles themselves are formatted and what information they contain. While some details about format vary between journals and even between articles in the same journal, there are broad characteristics that all scientific journal articles share. These journals are diverse and can be distinguished according to their field of specialization. Among the most broadly targeted and competitive are journals like Cell, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Nature, and Science that all publish a wide variety of research articles (see Figure 1 for an example). Cell focuses on all areas of biology, NEJM on medicine, and both Science and Nature publish articles in all areas of science. Scientists submit manuscripts for publication in these journals when they feel their work deserves the broadest possible audience.
Within a scientific article, scientists present their research questions, the methods by which the question was approached, and the results they achieved using those methods. In addition, they cloud vs desktop accounting present their analysis of the data and describe some of the interpretations and implications of their work. Because these articles report new work for the first time, they are called primary literature.